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A. E. SMALL Oct. 2, 1928.

NETALSTRUCTURE FOR RAILWAY'CARS fia W t m w 5 w w @E m U Q LW m o 4 f 2 3 r 2 8 Z `4 J 1 d f M 1 ma A. q1: 6 i 1 .f F /f \1 1 1 w y i Orlglnal Flled Oct 19, 1922 22 H: I l i I T1 rif-6"@ i i l C .-VTT'-Tl I g E o e o o o 7, m 19e. w

J uw K` LE M 6. .fw .w R F F1 A. E. S MALL METAL STRUCTURE FOR RAILWAY CARS original Filed om. 19. 1922 Oct. 2, 1928l Oct; 2, 1928.. y E' SMALL Re; 17,095

METAL STRUCTURE FOR RAILWAY CARS Original Filed Oct. 19. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 y FE1-9.22 M55-292960 Elven or A gr/fuir E. @ma/ Reissued Oct. 2, 192.8.

UNITED STATES,

Re. A17,5095

PATENTQFF1CE- ARTHUR E. SMALL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO UNION METAL PRODUCTS COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF v1\l[1lL'.I.AL STRUCTURE FOB RAILWAY CARS.

original ue. 1,638,172, dated August 9, 1927; serial ne. 595,634, ined october 1s, 1922. Divided and app1i cation ined January s, 1927. serial Nn. 158,595. Application fer reissue ined June 15, 192s.l serial It is to he understood that the invention is not limited/to the exact details of construction shown and`\described, as it is obvious that various modifications thereof within the scope of the claims will occur to personsI roofs or doors used in connection with railspot, as, for example, when a piece of piping' or lumber shifts lengthwise imparting a blow against the end wall of the car.' or there may Abe a general tendency to hreahout the end wall as a whole or tear it away from the framing. For the purpose, therefore, of greater strength and durability, car ends have been constructed of metal plates corrugated or formed with ribs to impart the desired strength, rigidity and resiliency.

` One of the principal `objects of my invention is` to provide a. corrugated metallic end structure for railway cars in which the corrugations have a configuration and arrangement. that impart to the structure a maximum capacity for resisting cargo thrusts, both local and general, static or quiescent, and with sufficient resiliency to prevent permanent distort-ion, due to the thrusts of the loads, with a minimum weight of metal.` It is important that structures of this sort should be as light as is possible, consistent. with strength and durability both for reasons of economy in manufacturing cost and also to keep the wei ght of the car at a minimum.

A further object is to provide a corrugated i metallic wall element that is'practically pos sible to manufacture. A further object is to provide a metallic wall element with corrugations that resist to a greater degree torsional stresses7 as well as brace the element, and the car end against diagonal side thrustsv vor weaving.

'Another object is to form a metalli-c plate w1th integral corrugations or ribs which impart to it a certain amount of strength and rigidit to resist loads imposed thereon and to so orm the ends of the corrugations 0r ribs as to provide a certain amount of resiliency to enable the plate to deflect and rel turn to its normal position without appreciablelamount of permanent distortion.

In the drawings;

Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a box car equipped with my invention.

Fig..2 is a section on line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of a gondola car equipped with my invention.

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4 4 of Fig.'8.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged front view of a corrugated plate.

Fig. 6 is a top edge view of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a section on line 7-7 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a section on line'88 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a section on line 9-9 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged section of a portion ofthe plate on line 7 7 of 5.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged section of a portion of the plate on line 8 8 of Fig. ,5.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged section of a portion of the plate on line 9--9 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged section ofa portion of the plate showing a modified form on line 7-7 of Fig. 5..

Fig. l14 is an enlarged section of a portion of the plate showing a modified form on line 8-8 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 15 is an enlarged section of a portion of the plate showing a modified form on line 9-9 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 16 is a front view ofa modied form y Fig. 24 is a section on line 24-24 of Fig. 21. Fig. 25 is a section on line 25-25 of Fi '21. Fig. 26 is a top edge view `of Fig. 2%. Fig. 27 is a front view of a modified form.

, Fig. 28 is a section on line 28'-28 of Fig. 26. Fig. 29 is a section on line 29-29 of Fig. 26. Fig. 30 is a section on line 30-30 of Fig. 26. Like characters of reference designate like parts.

The end wall structure shown in the above figures comprises a panel composed of a corrugated metal plate or plates.

Referring to Figs. l and 2. The corrugated plates 1, 2 and 3 extend across the car from side to side and are formed with. integral flanges 4 along thevertical edges which over- Sao lap and are secured -to the frame members of the side-walls 5 of the car by any suitable means.

The top edge of the end wall is secured beneath the fascia boards 7 and the meeting edges of the plate overlap and are secured together by rows of rivets 8 and the loweredge of the end wall is secured to the end sill 9. Nailing strips are secured to the plates 1, 2 and 3 bybolts lining 11 is secured tothe nailing strips 10.

Figs. 3 and 4 show a modified form of the invention applied to a gondola type of car, wherein only one plate 12 is used to form the end panel which extends from side to side of the car Vand is provided along the vertical edges with flanges 13.which overlap and are secured to the frame members of the side walls 14 by any suitablemeans. The top edge ofthe plate is secured to the top chord 15 by rivets 16, while the lower edge is secured by rivets l't the end sill 18.

While the corrugations are shown pressed outwardly, and in horizontal arrangement, it

- is understood that vthe corrugations may be pressed inwardly or artiallyfinwardly and partiall outwardly, om the original plane of the pate or the corrugations placed in any position; for instance, vertically or diagonally. The plates or panels'may bel positioned vertically or horizontallyand appliedl to any type of railway car.

Figs to 9 inclusive show the'lpreferredform wherein the plate is provided with 'a plurality of parallel embossments, each embossment comprising a plurality of relatively shallow sinuous minor corrugations 2O formed therein which are spaced apart-adjacent their ends distances substantially equal to their respective widths and the part of the plate between adjacent minor corrugations is also sinuous so that these minor corrugations merge together to form a contiguous sinuous configuration symmetrical in cross section about a linel midway between the outermost portions of these minor corrugations so that this line is -the neutral axis of the section. Such a section is very resilient and has a spring -like action under loads, and,f.furthermore, produces a very strong section for the amount of metal used. These minor corrugationsmerge into the plane of the plate by means of terminal portions of any desired formation. A plurality (two or more) of such minor corrugations 20.merge together be- `tween their opposite ends or preferabl ad- ]acent the middle of the plate (or mid le of lbetween the outermost portions of these major corrugations so that this line is the neutral axis of the section. Such a section is stronger and relatively rigid as compared with the section of the sinuous minor corrugations because more metal is positioned awa from the neutral axis andthe increased dept 1 also increases the strength of the beam. By

such an arrangement a corrugated metallic plate is provided which isV relatively rigid adjacent the middle portion of the embossments' and relatively resilient adjacent the opposite end portions of the embossments.- The secondary oppositely projecting rib or 'corrugation 22 formed by the merging of the two adjacent minor corrugations 2O is equal in width to the adjacent minor corrugations at 23 and decrease in width as the minor corru- 100 gations merge together toform the major corrugation 21. These secondary oppositely projecting ribs 22 also preferably decrease in depth so that' an concentrated stretch of metal is eliminate where the minor corruga 105 tions merge together.

' As the embossment increases in depth to- Ward .its middle portion, this secondary rib preferably decreases in depth proportionately so that the lengths of the center lines of the 1 10 metal ofall cross sections of the embossment are equal to each other.

I have designed my invention for use in steel-plates'so that when the section modulus of any section (normal to the corrugations)` is multiplied by a constant libre stress the result equals 'the bending moment of that section for either a load concentrated at the middle of the beam-corrugations or for a load equally distributed over the beam-corrugations, `thus showing that I have not sacrificed any re- .o quired strength at the ends of the beams to obtainresiliency; in other words, by my construction I obtain a Very strong beam which is also resilient.- The major corrugations are preferably wider than the minor corrugations.

These shallower and deeper corrugations may be positioned and dimensioned so that the length of the center line of the metalpf a cross section of the s hallower corrugations 13b (see Fig. 9) is the same as the length of the center line of the metal of a cross section of the deeper corrugations (see Fig. 7) and, furthermore the corrugated plate may be so formed t at the length of the center line of Y uniform width for a short distance at the center' of the plate to provide greater strength for a wider portion of the plate and also to facilitate changing the forming dies when it is desired to increase or decrease the length of the corrugations or embossments.

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are detail enlargements of portions of the plate taken on lines 7, 8 and 9, respectively, of Fig. 5 showing the flat apex 25 of the major corrugation (Fig. 10) split or divided by the secondary corrugation 22 into two contiguous sinuous corrugations 20 (Fig. 12).

Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are detail enlargements of a modified form of corrugation similar to Figs. 10, lland 12, respectively, wherein the apex (29) of the major corrugation is arcuate.

Figs. 16 to 2O inclusive show a modification wherein the embossments have parallel sides.

Figs. 21 to 25 inclusive are similar to Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive except that they illustrate three minor corrugations merging into a single maj or corrugation.

Figs. 26 to 3,0 inclusive show a. modified form wherein the major corrugations 21 have arcuate or sinuous apices 30 and the portion of the plate 31 between adjacent embossments is also arcuated or sinuous. u

Plates provided with a plurality of contiguous narrow corrugations possess a considerable amount of elasticity and when struck a blow delect readily and regain their shape without distortion, whereas a plate provided with wide flat corrugations, though better able to carry quiescent loads, has not the resiliency of the former and is more readily distorted when struck a blow.

It is, therefore, desirable to design a plate that possesses great strength to withstand the sudden impact load blows with sufficient re` siliency to resist distortion.

Theparticular form and advantages of the terminations of the corrugations illustrated in Fig. 5 are not described or claimed specilically herein, but .are described and claimed in my Patent No. 1,547,831 dated July 28, 1925, for corrugated wall elements. .I

This application is conned to the construction wherein the minor corrugations merge to form the major corrugation, while my application Serial No. 595,632, filed October 19,

1922, for corrugated metallic wall elements covers the construction wherein the major corrugation is splijt into two or more minor corrugations. y

This isa division of my co-pending appli-l cation Serial No. 595,634, filed October 19, 1-922, as is also my application Serial No. 55,207, liled September 8, 1925.

I claim:

1. A metallic panel for railway cars having a reinforcement formed therein, comprising a plurality of stil'ening ribs which merge into each other to form a relatively wider stiitening rib adjacent the center of said reinforcement, the height of said reinforcement being greatest adjacent its center and almost parallel to the first mentioned ribs.

2. A metallic plate having a plurality of corrugations terminating within said plate that merge into a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugations adjacent the center of said plate, the cross sectional area of said corrugated plate being equal anywhere between the planes where said corrugations bej gin to terminate into the plane of said plate.

3. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of corrugations spaced apart adjacent their ends distances substantially equal to their width, said corrugati'ons merging between their opposite ends into a lesser number'of wider and deeper corrugations spaced apart distances substantially equal to their width.

4. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of corrugations merging between their opposite ends into a lesser number of wider `and deeper corrugations and almost parallel to the rst mentioned corrugations.

5. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of corrugations spaced apart adjacent their ends distances substantially equal to their width, said corrugations merging between their opposite ends into a lesser number of deeper corrugations spacedapart distances substantially equal to their width.

6. A metallic plate provided with aplurality of corrugations symmetrical in cross lll) outermost portions of the corrugations, said corrugations merging between their opposite ends into a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugations symmetrical in cross section about .a line midway between the outermost portions of the corrugations.

7. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of corrugations symmetrical in cross section about a line midway between the outermost portions of the corrugations, said corrugations merging between their opposite ends into a' lesser number of deeper corrugations symmetrical in cross section .about a line midway between the outermpst portions of the corrngations. j

8. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of shallow corrugations merging be tween theiropposite ends into a lesser number of deeper corrugations, the length of the center line of the metal of across section of the shallower corrugations being substantially equal to the length of the center line of the metal of a cross section of the deeper cor= rugations.

9. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of shallow corrugations merging between their opposite ends into a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugations, the length of the center line of the metal of a cross section of the shallower corrugations being substantially equal to the length of the center line of the metal of a cross section of the deeper corrugations.

10. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of corrugations of constant cross se'ction for a short distance at the center of the plate which diverge into a greater number of shallower corrugations adjacent the edge of the plate.

11. A metallic plate provided'with a plurality of corrugations merging between their opposite ends into-a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugatins, the length of the center line of the metal of any cross section of the corrugated plate being equal to the length of the center line of the metal of any other cross section.

12. A metallic plate provided with a pluralityof corrugations merging between their opposite ends 1nto a lesser number of deeper corrugations, the length of the center line of the metal of any cross section of the corrugated plate being equal to the length of the center line of they metal of any other cross section.

13. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of sinuous and contiguous corrugations, said eorrugations merging betweentheir opposite ends into a lesser number of deeper and wider corrugations with substan tially Hat apices. l

Y 14. A metallic plate provided with a plu rality of sinuous and contiguous corrugatins, said corrugations merging between their opposite ends intoA a lesser number of deeper corrugations with substantially `flat apices.

15. A wall for a railway car comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the Car, said plate provided with a plurality of corrugations with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members. said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of deeper corrugations.

16. A wall for a railway car comprising a metallic Aplate sequred to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said platepro'vided with a plurality 'of corrugations with their opposite endsV terminating into the platek a.d jacent said oppositely disposed frame members, said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of wider 'and deeper corrugations.

17. A Wall for a railway car comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of corrugations spaced apart adjacent their ends distances substantially equal to their width with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members, said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of deeper corrugations spaced apart distances substantially equal to their width.

18. A wall for a. railway car comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed framemembers of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of corrugations spaced apart adjacent their ends distances substantially equal to their width with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members, said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugations spaced apart distances substantially equal to their width.

19. A wall for 'a railway earl comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of corrugations symmetrical in cross section about a line midway y between the outermost portions of the corrugations with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members,`A` said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of deeper corrugations, symmetrical in cross section about a line midway between the outermost portions of the corrugations.

20. A wall for a railway car comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plates provided with a pluralityof corrugations symmet-rical in cross section about aline midway between the outermost portions of the corrugations with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members, said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugat-lons symmetrical 1n cross section about a line midway between the outermost portions of the corrugations.

21. A wall for a railway car comprising metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of corrugations with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members, said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugations, the length of the center line of the metal of a cross section of the shallower corrugations being substantially equal to the length of the center line of the metal of a cross section of the deeper corrugations.

22. A wall for a railway car comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plate provided with aplurality of corrugations with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members, said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of deeper corrugations which are of constant cross section for a short distance at the center of the plate.

l bers, said corrugations merging together berugations. e

tween their opposite ends to form a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugations which are of constant cross section for a short distance at the center of the plate.

221. A wall for a railway car comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of sinuous and contiguous corrugations with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members, said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a lesser number of deeper corrugations with substantially flat apices.

25. A wall for a railway car comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of sinuous and contiguous corrugations with their opposite ends terminating into the plate adjacent said Yoppositely disposed frame members, said corrugations merging togetherbetween their opposite ends to :form a lesser number of wider and deeper corrugations with substantially fiat apices.

26. A wall for a railway car "comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of corrugations with their opposite ends-terminating into the plate ad- 'acent said oppositely disposed frame memers, said corrugations merging together hetween their opposite ends to form a lesser number of deeper corrugations, the lengthy of thecente'r line of the metal of a cross section \of the shallower corrugations being substantially equal to the length of the center line4 of the metal of a cross section of the deeper cor- '1 27. A metallic plate for a railway car structurey having a reinforcement formed therein, comprising a plurality of stiil'ening ribs `whichmerge intopeach Yother between' their opposite ends to form ay relatively wider stiening rib, substantially parallel to the first mentioned ribs, said reinforcement decreasing in depth toward its opposite ends.

28. A metallic plate for a railway car structure having a reinforcement formed therein, comprising a plurality of sti'lening ribs which merge into each other between their opposite ends to form a stiilening rib substantially parallel t0 the iirst mentioned ribs, said reinforcement'decreasing in depth toward its opposite ends.

29. A metallic panel formed with a plurality of corrugations that merge between their opposite ends into a plurality of fewer corrugations substantially parallel to the first mentioned corrugations, said corrugations decreasing in depth toward their. opposite ends.

30. In a railway car structure a metallic plate formed with a plurality of varying depth corrugations which have their ends divided so as to provide a relatively rigid structure adjacent the middle of the corrugations, and a relatively 4resilient structure adjacent the ends of the corrugations.

31. In a railway car structure a metallic plate formed with a plurality of varying depth corrugations which have their ends distructure adjacent the ends of the corruga- I tions.

32. In a railway car structure a metallic plate'formed with a plurality of corrugations which are relatively 'deep adjacent their middle portions, said corrugations having their opposite ends divided to form a greater number of relatively shallow corrugations adjacent their end portions so as to provide a relatively rigid structure adjacent the middle of the corrugations and a. relatively resilient structure adjacent the ends of the corrugations.

33. In a railway car structure a metallic plate' formed with a. plurality of corrugations which are relatively deep adjacent their middle portions, said corrugations having their opposite ends divided to form a greater number of relatively shallow corrugations adjacent their end portions, so'as to provide a relatively rigid structure adjacent the middle of the corrugations which gra-dually becomes a relatively resilient structure adjacent the ends of the corrugations.

34. In a railway car structure a metallic l plate formed with a plurality of corrugations which are relatively deep and relatively wide adjacent their middle portions, said corrugations having their opposite ends divided to form a greater number of relatively shallow and relatively narrow corrugations adjacent their'end portions, so as to provide a relatively rigid structure adjacent the middle of to form a plurality .embossments the corrugations, and a relatively' resilient structure adjacent the ends-of the corrugations.

35. In a railway car structure a metallic plate formed with a plurality of corrugations which are relatively deep and relatively wide adjacent their middle portions, said corrugations having-their opposite ends divided to form a greater number of relatively shallow,

and relatively narrow corrugations'adjacent their end portions, so as to provide a relatively rigid structure adjacent the middle of the corrugations which graduall becomes a relatively resilient structure a jacent the ends of the corrugations. v 36. A metallic plate formed with a plurality of sinuous embossments, with the parts of the plate between the embossments also of sinuous configuration, said embossments merging together between theiropposite ends of fewer wider and fdeeper 31 Ametallic plate formed with a pluralit? of sinuous embossments, with the parts o the plate between the embossments also of sinuous conguration, said embossments merging together between their opposite ends to form a plurality of fewer deeper embossments.

38.. A metallic plate provided with a plurality of sinuous corrugations with the parts of the plate between said corrugations also of sinuous configuration, said corrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a plurality of fewer deeper corrugations having substantially flat apices.

39. A metallic plate provided with a plurailty of sinuous'corrugations with the parts of the plate between said corrugations also of sinuous configuration, said eorrugations merging together between their opposite ends to form a plurality of fewer deeper corrugations having substantially flat apices, w1th the parts of the plate between the last mentioned corrugations also being flat.-

40. A metallic wall structure for a railway car comprising a metallic plate secured to oppositely disposed frame members of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of sinuous corrugat-ions, with the parts of the plate between said corrugations also of sinuous configuration, said corrugations merging together between their oppositel ends to form a pluralit of fewer wider and deeper corrugations w ich terminate into the plate,

adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members having substantially fiat apices.

4:1. A metallic wall structure for a railway car comprising a metallicv plate secured to oppositely disposed/frame members of the car, said plate provided with a plurality of sinuous corrugations, with the parts of the plate between said corrugations also of sinuous configuration, said eorrugations mergl ing together between their opposite ends to form a plurality of fewer wider and deeper corrugations which terminate into the plate adjacent said oppositely disposed frame members having'substantially flatapices, with the parts of the plate between the last mentioned corrugations also being flat.

v ARTHURE. SMALL. 

